(English_(India)_MFA_dictionary_v3_0_0)= # English (India) MFA dictionary v3.0.0 ``````{dictionary} English (India) MFA dictionary v3.0.0 :id: "English (India) MFA dictionary v3_0_0" :tags: English;MFA;IPA :language: "English" :dialect: India :layout: mfa :template: dictionary_template :phoneset: "MFA" :license: "CC BY 4.0" ```{include} ../../../../dictionary/english/india_mfa/v3.0.0/README.md :start-after: "## Dictionary details" :end-before: "## Installation" ``` ```{admonition} G2P models * {ref}`english_(india)_mfa_g2p_model_v3_0_0` ``` `````` ```{include} ../../../../dictionary/english/india_mfa/v3.0.0/README.md :start-after: "new)." ``` ## IPA Charts ### Consonants Obstruent symbols to the left of {fas}`circle;ipa-dot` are unvoiced and those to the right are voiced. ``````{list-table} :header-rows: 1 :stub-columns: 1 :class: consonant_chart table-striped table-bordered * - Manner - Labial - Labiodental - Dental - Alveolar - Alveopalatal - Retroflex - Palatal - Velar - Glottal * - {manner}`Nasal` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * m * Occurrences: 16611 * Examples * murr: [m ɜ] * swamp: [s ʋ ɒ m p] * games: [ɡ eː m z] * small: [s m ɒː l] * mʲ * Occurrences: 3628 * Examples * amira: [ə mʲ iː ɹ ə] * mulan: [mʲ ʊ l ə n] * humid: [ç ʉː mʲ ɪ ɖ] * musa: [mʲ ʉː z ə] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * ɱ * Occurrences: 4 * Examples ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * n * Occurrences: 34120 * Examples * caine: [c eː n] * snag: [s n a ɡ] * icon: [aj k ə n] * jin: [dʒ ɪ n] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * ɲ * Occurrences: 6276 * Examples * runny: [ɹ ə ɲ i] * benin: [b ɛ ɲ iː n] * ensue: [ɛ ɲ s j ʉː] * natal: [ɲ eː ʈ ə l] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * ŋ * Occurrences: 6165 * Examples * junk: [dʒ ə ŋ k] * lanka: [l a ŋ k ə] * hank: [h a ŋ k] * swung: [s ʋ ə ŋ] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - {manner}`Stop` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * p * Occurrences: 15694 * Examples * pita: [p iː ʈ ə] * crap: [k ɹ a p] * picks: [p ɪ k s] * port: [p ɒː ʈ] * pʲ * Occurrences: 638 * Examples * tupi: [ʈ ʉː pʲ i] * puce: [pʲ ʉː s] * lippi: [ʎ ɪ pʲ i] * copy: [k ɒ pʲ i] * pʷ * Occurrences: 13 * Examples * voiced * b * Occurrences: 10938 * Examples * brian: [b ɾ aj ə n] * balch: [b a l k] * abegg: [ə b ɛ ɡ] * bon: [b ɒ n] * bʲ * Occurrences: 2232 * Examples * beans: [bʲ iː n z] * bambi: [b a m bʲ i] * beaux: [bʲ oː] * beal: [bʲ iː l] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * t̪ * Occurrences: 2474 * Examples * thor: [t̪ ɒː] * thou: [t̪ aw] * path: [p ɑː t̪] * thee: [t̪ iː] * voiced * d̪ * Occurrences: 654 * Examples * thou: [d̪ aw] * meath: [mʲ iː d̪] * lithe: [l aj d̪] * width: [ʋ ɪ d̪] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * ʈ * Occurrences: 29086 * Examples * stoke: [s ʈ oː k] * front: [f ɾ ə n ʈ] * studs: [s ʈ ə ɖ z] * stack: [s ʈ a k] * ʈʲ * Occurrences: 7548 * Examples * pity: [p ɪ ʈʲ i] * dante: [ɖ a n ʈʲ i] * steep: [s ʈʲ iː p] * roti: [ɹ oː ʈʲ i] * ʈʷ * Occurrences: 115 * Examples * tweed: [ʈʷ iː ɖ] * twigs: [ʈʷ ɪ ɡ z] * twain: [ʈʷ eː n] * twins: [ʈʷ ɪ n z] * voiced * ɖ * Occurrences: 23240 * Examples * ahmad: [ɑː m ə ɖ] * dough: [ɖ oː] * gould: [ɡ ʊ ɖ] * zelda: [z ɛ l ɖ ə] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * c * Occurrences: 5884 * Examples * mckim: [m ə c ɪ m] * kenny: [c ɛ ɲ i] * gorky: [ɡ ɒː c i] * wiki: [ʋ iː c i] * cʷ * Occurrences: 455 * Examples * equip: [ɪ cʷ ɪ p] * queen: [cʷ iː n] * query: [cʷ ɪ ɹ i] * quest: [cʷ ɛ s ʈ] * voiced * ɟ * Occurrences: 1787 * Examples * get: [ɟ ɪ ʈ] * grain: [ɟ ɹ eː n] * agnes: [a ɟ n ɪ s] * rugby: [ɹ ə ɟ bʲ i] * ɟʷ * Occurrences: 83 * Examples * gwin: [ɟʷ ɪ n] * guido: [ɟʷ iː ɖ oː] * gwyn: [ɟʷ ɪ n] * gwynn: [ɟʷ ɪ n] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * k * Occurrences: 21685 * Examples * ask: [ɑː k s] * axed: [a k s ʈ] * chas: [k a z] * risk: [ɾ ɪ s k] * kʷ * Occurrences: 481 * Examples * quake: [kʷ eː k] * quite: [kʷ aj] * quoll: [kʷ ɒ l] * quiet: [kʷ aj ɪ ʈ] * voiced * ɡ * Occurrences: 6127 * Examples * guest: [ɡ ɛ s] * cogan: [k oː ɡ ə n] * glass: [ɡ l ɑː s] * exact: [ɪ ɡ z a ʈ] * ɡʷ * Occurrences: 67 * Examples * guo: [ɡʷ oː] * guam: [ɡʷ ɒ m] * guang: [ɡʷ ɑː ŋ] * guava: [ɡʷ ɑː ʋ ə] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * ʔ * Occurrences: 26 * Examples * wyatt: [ʋ aj a ʔ] * fleet: [fʲ ʎ iː ʔ] * not: [n ɒ ʔ] * but: [b ə ʔ] ``` * - {manner}`Affricate` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * tʃ * Occurrences: 3275 * Examples * tract: [tʃ ɹ a k ʈ] * witch: [ʋ ɪ tʃ] * chop: [tʃ ɒ p] * chill: [tʃ ɪ l] * voiced * dʒ * Occurrences: 5983 * Examples * cages: [c eː dʒ ɪ z] * jerry: [dʒ ɛ ɾ i] * surge: [s ɜː dʒ] * gpus: [dʒ iː p iː j ʉː z] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - {manner}`Sibilant` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * s * Occurrences: 34586 * Examples * stand: [s ʈ a n ɖ] * scots: [s k ɒ ʈ s] * mixed: [mʲ ɪ k s] * tulsa: [ʈ ə l s ə] * voiced * z * Occurrences: 14327 * Examples * loans: [l oː n z] * sings: [s ɪ n z] * minas: [mʲ ɪ n ə z] * goers: [ɡ ɜː ɹ ə z] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * ʃ * Occurrences: 6851 * Examples * shuts: [ʃ ə ʈ s] * shows: [ʃ oː dʒ] * shute: [ʃ ʉː ʈ] * blush: [b l ə ʃ] * voiced * ʒ * Occurrences: 500 * Examples * azure: [a ʒ ʊ ə] * anjou: [ɒ n ʒ ʉː] * loge: [l oː ʒ] * luger: [l ʉː ʒ ə] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - {manner}`Fricative` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * f * Occurrences: 7905 * Examples * find: [f aj n ɖ] * fake: [f eː k] * wifi: [ʋ aj f aj] * wilf: [ʋ ɪ l f] * fʲ * Occurrences: 2306 * Examples * films: [fʲ ɪ l m dʒ] * fits: [fʲ ɪ ʈ s] * filly: [fʲ ɪ ʎ i] * fecal: [fʲ iː k ə l] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * ç * Occurrences: 984 * Examples * hero: [ç ɪ ɾ oː] * haley: [ç eː ʎ i] * heed: [ç iː ɖ] * hale: [ç eː l] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * h * Occurrences: 3762 * Examples * horst: [h ɒː s ʈ] * harpy: [h ɑː pʲ i] * hopi: [h oː pʲ i] * herne: [h ɜː n] ``` * - {manner}`Approximant` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * w * Occurrences: 10 * Examples ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * ʋ * Occurrences: 11160 * Examples * anwar: [a n ʋ ə] * luv: [l ə ʋ] * avon: [eː ʋ ɑ n] * heavy: [h ɛ ʋ i] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * ɹ * Occurrences: 25685 * Examples * elora: [ɪ l ɒː ɹ ə] * jura: [dʒ ʊ ɹ ə] * brain: [b ɹ eː n] * era: [ɪ ə ɹ ə] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * j * Occurrences: 1471 * Examples * using: [j ʉː dʒ ɪ ŋ] * yates: [j eː ʈ s] * yolk: [j oː k] * usa: [j ʉː ɛ s eː] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - {manner}`Tap` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * ɾ * Occurrences: 5300 * Examples * genre: [dʒ a n ɾ ə] * foyer: [f ɔj ə ɾ] * breed: [b ɾ iː ɖ] * tried: [ʈ ɾ aj ɖ] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - {manner}`Lateral` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * l * Occurrences: 23471 * Examples * model: [m ɒ ɖ ə l] * carl: [k ɑː l] * lope: [l oː p] * pill: [p ɪ l] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * ʎ * Occurrences: 8546 * Examples * alesi: [eː ʎ iː s i] * leila: [ʎ iː l ə] * lymph: [ʎ ɪ m f] * foley: [f oː ʎ i] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` `````` ### Vowels Vowel symbols to the left of {fas}`circle;ipa-dot` are unrounded and those to the right are rounded. ``````{list-table} :header-rows: 1 :stub-columns: 1 :class: vowel_chart table-striped table-bordered * - - Front - Near-Front - Central - Near-Back - Back * - Close - ```{ipa_cell} * unrounded * i * Occurrences: 12826 * Examples * moly: [m oː ʎ i] * leafy: [ʎ iː fʲ i] * paddy: [p a ɖ i] * foci: [f ɒ tʃ i] * iː * Occurrences: 9354 * Examples * kiev: [c iː ɛ ʋ] * we'd: [ʋ iː ɖ] * bleak: [b ʎ iː k] * liam: [ʎ iː ə m] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * rounded * ʉ * Occurrences: 846 * Examples * bruch: [b ɹ ʉ k] * chu: [tʃ ʉ] * matsu: [m a ʈ s ʉ] * ubu: [ʉ b ʉː] * ʉː * Occurrences: 6033 * Examples * sue: [s ʉː] * boo: [b ʉː] * fuel: [fʲ ʉː l] * boom: [b ʉː m] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * unrounded * ɪ * Occurrences: 45459 * Examples * spits: [s p ɪ ʈ s] * ears: [ɪ ə dʒ] * lynde: [ʎ ɪ n ɖ] * mere: [mʲ ɪ ə] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * rounded * ʊ * Occurrences: 3084 * Examples * jung: [j ʊ ŋ] * room: [ɹ ʊ m] * sushi: [s ʊ ʃ i] * urdu: [ʊ ə ɖ ʉː] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - Close-Mid - ```{ipa_cell} * unrounded * e * Occurrences: 0 * Examples * eː * Occurrences: 10720 * Examples * grave: [ɟ ɹ eː ʋ] * seiun: [s eː ə n] * ways: [ʋ eː z] * lays: [l eː z] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * rounded * o * Occurrences: 0 * Examples * oː * Occurrences: 9975 * Examples * codex: [k oː ɖ ɛ k s] * ropes: [ɾ oː p s] * hoe: [h oː] * rome: [ɹ oː m] ``` * - - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * unrounded * ə * Occurrences: 64935 * Examples * near: [ɲ ɪ ə] * angel: [eː n dʒ ə l] * cure: [c ʊ ə] * hazen: [ç eː z ə n] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - Open-Mid - ```{ipa_cell} * unrounded * ɛ * Occurrences: 16279 * Examples * jenny: [dʒ ɛ ɲ i] * kiev: [c iː ɛ f] * quest: [cʷ ɛ s] * devil: [ɖ ɛ ʋ ə l] * ɛː * Occurrences: 1123 * Examples * bears: [b ɛː z] * faria: [f ɛː ɹ ɪ ə] * airy: [ɛː ɹ i] * aram: [ɛː ɹ ə m] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * unrounded * ɜ * Occurrences: 191 * Examples * turku: [ʈ ɜ k ʉː] * circe: [s ɜ s i] * murr: [m ɜ] * blur: [b l ɜ] * ɜː * Occurrences: 3335 * Examples * term: [ʈ ɜː m] * verb: [ʋ ɜː b] * percy: [p ɜː s i] * pasir: [p ə s ɜː] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - Open - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * unrounded * a * Occurrences: 15182 * Examples * drop: [dʒ ɹ a p] * matte: [m a ʈ] * anne: [a n] * slam: [s l a m] * aː * Occurrences: 519 * Examples * baba: [b aː b ə] * smart: [s m aː ʈ] * ranch: [ɾ aː n tʃ] * march: [m aː tʃ] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * unrounded * ɑ * Occurrences: 736 * Examples * arbor: [ɑ b ə] * makro: [m ɑ k ɹ oː] * huang: [ʋ ɑ ŋ] * saco: [s ɑ k oː] * ɑː * Occurrences: 5654 * Examples * armey: [ɑː mʲ i] * pass: [p ɑː s] * bari: [b ɑː ɹ i] * nat: [n ɑː ʈ] * rounded * ɒ * Occurrences: 10497 * Examples * quan: [kʷ ɒ n] * combo: [k ɒ m b oː] * chios: [c iː ɒ s] * keogh: [c iː ɒ ɡ] * ɒː * Occurrences: 5211 * Examples * torch: [ʈ ɒː tʃ] * force: [f ɒː s] * corps: [k ɒː dʒ] * hoorn: [h ʊ ɒː n] ``` `````` #### Diphthongs * {ipa_inline}`aj` * {ipa_inline}`aw` * {ipa_inline}`ɔj`